Cognitive Development

Review

• Sensorimotor Stage
• Preoperational Stage
• Concrete Operations

Formal Operations

• Abstract thought: ability to think about intangible truth
• Means separate from: to examine qualities separate from physical instances (ex: whiteness, peacefulness)
• Physical expression of the intellect = prefrontal cortex
• Spiritual Knowledge = intellect

Effects on . . .

• Learning
• Self-concept
• Morality

Ideal Physical Body

Ideal Male

• Dark brown or dirty blonde hair
• Shaggy or wavy hair*****************
• Side lip ring
• Penis …big..
• Lean athletic build*
• Tall but not gigantic*
• No boobs
• Nice smile***
• Beautiful eyes****
• Defined jaw bone and cheek bones****
• Fitted but not tight clothes
• Good complexion*
• Not narrow but not full lips
• Good dresser
• Good smell
• Nice Butt
• Proportionate
• No cysts, protruding tumors… gross things!
• That’s all

Ideal Female

• Hair has to look good/well groomed
• Natural look/slender face
• Clean shaven/washed –legs-
• No thin lips
• Toned body
• Size 8 shoes
• Tattoo – indifferent
• Tight clothes – not slutty
• Smooth skin
• Caucasian
• 5’7”
• 32-24-33
• 130lb

Questions:

1. How easy was it to come to a consensus as a group? What traits were readily agreed upon? What traits were debated?
2. Where does our sense of physical ideal come from? Social influence? Family? Biological? Personal Choice?
   
3. How much do these ideas affect us as we go through our teen years? Why?
4. Doe these ideals affect young women more than young men?
5. Is it possible to meet these ideals? Do you hope to marry someone that meets this ideal?
6. How much are we judged against these ideals? How much do we judge other people according to these ideals?
   

Physical Development

Physical Development

Male

ü Testicles develop

ü Penis development

ü Male voice changes

ü Muscle development

ü Increased metabolism

ü Increased sex drive

ü Tall & “string-bean” à grow muscle mass

ü Clumsy

ü Wet dreams

Female

ü Breast development

ü Menstrual cycle (menarche)

ü Body fat à proportions to hips, buttocks, breasts, etc.

Both

ü Body hair

ü Pubic hair

ü Taller

ü Acne

ü Growing pains

Physical Development

Terms

Puberty: physical sexual development

Pituitary: master gland at base of brain – triggers sexual & growth glands

Primary sexual characteristics: sexual organs

Secondary sexual characteristics: defining characteristics, not sexual organs

Asynchrony: some body parts grow faster than others

Menarche: a young woman’s first menstrual period

Havighurst's Developmental Tasks

Developmental Tasks

• Accepting physical makeup, adopting sexual identity
• Relationships with peers of both sexes
• Emotional independence
• Assurance of economic independence
• Choosing, preparing for, & entering a vocation
• Social competence
• Socially responsible behavior
• Prepare for marriage & family
• Adopting a scientific world view

Theories of Adolescence

G. Stanley Hall

• Adolescence is a biological transition from animal to human
• Stressful
• Sudden & Violent change

Margaret Mead

• Adolescence does not exist in all cultures
• Smooth transition
• Continuous development to maturity
• Ceremonial transition helps

Robert Havighurst

• Adolescence is preparation for adulthood
• Developmental Tasks
• Can be smooth or stormy
• Depends on success of task completion

Adult Attitudes Toward Adolescents

Adults Surveyed: 3 Attitudes

• Respect
• Envy: wish they were young
• Fear

Experience of Adolescence

What was adolescence like?

• Awkward


• Confusing


• Uncontrolled sexual arousal


• Unnecessary drama


• Moody females


• Moody males


• Guys got more handsome


• Girls got hot


• Social acceptance is difficult because of constant change


• Low self-esteem


• Physical growth


• Maturity levels grew (for a few of you)


• Bizarre hobbies (Pokemon, etc.)


• Trouble with authority – fighting with parents, teachers, priests, cops, etc.


• Conflict with others


• Need for psychological help (some of you need medication – severe medication)


• Start to understand stuff


• Peer pressure


• Sexual frustration


• Sexual experimentation


• Sexual delusions


• Teachers give you low self esteem


• Harsher judgments from adults


• Getting grounded


• Get to drive


• More responsibility


• Less freedom – less trust from adults


• More freedom


• No work – waste of time


• Hang out with people of the opposite gender


• Earn parents’ trust


• People get defensive


• Start to learn who you are - become yourself


• Open to more influences in order to fit in, and to define who you are


• Life is less structured, so you are able to choose & experience more


• Physical changes – armpit hair, pubic hair


• Romantic relationships


• Get more nasty towards people